{"id":9605,"date":"2023-01-30T20:48:02","date_gmt":"2023-01-31T01:48:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/360mediations.com\/en\/?p=9605"},"modified":"2023-01-30T20:48:08","modified_gmt":"2023-01-31T01:48:08","slug":"when-an-acquaintance-takes-your-vehicle-without-permission-your-response-could-cost-you-millions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mail.360mediations.com\/en\/when-an-acquaintance-takes-your-vehicle-without-permission-your-response-could-cost-you-millions\/","title":{"rendered":"<strong>When an Acquaintance Takes Your Vehicle Without Permission Your Response Could Cost You Millions<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Everyday owners routinely allow acquaintances to drive their vehicles: friends, colleagues, customers, relatives, etc.\u00a0 This is typically done with the owner\u2019s consent, and as such, the owner remains vicariously liable for the driver\u2019s errors.\u00a0 Contrast this with stolen vehicles where the owner is largely exempt from liability because of the absence of the owner\u2019s consent, barring anything unusual.<\/p>\n<p>The case of an absolute stranger taking your vehicle is easy because this is abject theft where the owner will typically report it as a theft to the police.\u00a0 But what happens when someone you know takes your vehicle for a drive without your consent?<\/p>\n<p>These situations are challenging for a number of reasons.\u00a0 First, since the person is known to the owner, there is a strong presumption of consent.\u00a0 Second, when there isn\u2019t consent, it is often following a brief verbal exchange, rather than a written exchange between the owner and the driver.\u00a0 Third, despite any overt anger on the part of the owner, the kinship or relationship with the driver often makes it morally difficult for the owner to report the matter as a theft with the police.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Although not exhaustive, what follows is a list of typical factors a court would consider when a vehicle is taken by someone known to the owner, starting first with a high rebuttable presumption that consent was given:<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Factors when Driver is Known to the Owner<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Pre-Use Conduct of the Owner and Driver<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>whether the driver used the car historically (despite the alleged ban);<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>whether the keys (ownership and insurance paperwork) were physically kept away from the driver;<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>whether the owner had good reason to deny the driver access to the vehicle (ie: the driver had a suspended driver\u2019s licence, was suffering from drug and alcohol addiction, or was an excluded driver under the Owner\u2019s Automobile Insurance Policy); and<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>whether the driver had to sneak around to get access to the vehicle (ie: wait until the owner left for work, etc);<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Post-Use, but Pre-Accident, Conduct of the Owner<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>whether the owner reported the matter as a theft to the police;<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>whether owner attempted to contact the driver in order to instruct them to immediately park the car;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\"><strong>Post-Accident Conduct<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>whether the contemporaneous words of the owner and driver immediately following the accident were consistent with lack of authority (ie: did the driver blurt out something like &#8220;oh man, my mom is going to kill me because I wasn&#8217;t supposed to take the car,&#8221; etc), and whether those contemporaneous words match the position taken before the court;<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>whether the owner reported the matter as a theft to the police.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Not any one circumstance is determinative.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>To my mind, in situations where the owner finds out that the friend, colleague, relative, etc took their vehicle without consent, the level of outrage immediately after finding out is very important to the analysis.\u00a0 If the owner is just upset that the driver took the car, but otherwise resigns themselves to waiting for the driver to return to give them a scolding, I would hasten to say that the outcome is not good for the owner. \u00a0By contrast, if the owner reports this as a theft to the police, or gets in touch with the driver and commands them to park the vehicle and to find alternative transportation (ie: taxi, bus, etc), it would go a long way in establishing that consent was never given.<\/p>\n<p>This recent case dealt with the former situation &#8211; a person that suspected his vehicle was taken by a friend, but did nothing to stop the friend from using the car after the owner got in touch with the driver on his cell phone. \u00a0Once in contact, the owner simply asked the driver to return the vehicle (para 17).\u00a0 To me, the analysis should end here.\u00a0 Although not addressed in the decision, I believe that implicit in demanding the driver (the friend in this case) to return the car is actual consent to operate the vehicle: indeed, permission, at a minimum, to operate the vehicle until it arrived home.\u00a0 The accident in this case occurred sometime after the owner asked the driver to bring the car home.<\/p>\n<p>Clearly the owner was mad, and upset, but the owner resigned himself to wait and give the driver a scolding when he returned with the car.\u00a0 Put another way, the owner did not treat this as a huge violation of his property rights, he did not call the police, nor did he insist that the driver immediately decommission the vehicle.\u00a0 \u00a0Absent that level of outrage, condemnation, and instruction to immediately desist using the vehicle, the practical reality is that the owner was okay with it, but just really upset with what occurred.\u00a0\u00a0 Being very angry about a friend, relative or colleague taking your vehicle without your consent is typically not enough to avoid vicarious liability, in my view.<\/p>\n<p>Although the court also concluded that the owner consented to his friend using the vehicle, the judge arrived at this conclusion very differently:\u00a0 the judge came to this conclusion by outright rejecting the owner\u2019s testimony altogether, starting at paragraph 18:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">\u201cI find this pattern of reaction and conduct on the part of \u2026[the owner]\u2026 to be inconsistent with what one would reasonably expect on the part of an individual who had flatly refused to lend his vehicle to a friend a short time before.\u00a0 On the contrary, I find \u2026 [the owner\u2019s]\u2026 reaction and behavior to be far more consistent with a person who understood and accepted that his vehicle was in \u2026[the driver\u2019s]\u2026 possession with his consent. \u00a0It is equally consistent with a person who had knowingly acceded in actions, conduct or words to the use of his vehicle by his friend. \u00a0Had \u2026[the owner]\u2026 greeted the request from \u2026[the driver and another friend]\u2026 for the use of his vehicle with a flat no, then his subsequent discovery that the pair had taken the vehicle against his wishes, not just to purchase cigarettes, but for a jaunt to the casino, would have prompted and even compelled \u2026[the owner}\u2026 to contact the police. \u00a0The circumstances in which the vehicle was taken would have allowed for no other reasonable course of action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 80px;\"><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\">I reject \u2026[the owner\u2019s]\u2026 evidence that he flatly refused the request made by \u2026[the driver and his friend}\u2026 to use the vehicle.\u00a0 [The owner]\u2026 failed to provide the court with any reason for this refusal.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n<p>I don\u2019t believe the judge had to make a credibility assessment and reject the owner\u2019s testimony to arrive at the conclusion that there was consent.\u00a0 I believe the owner\u2019s evidence could have been accepted at face value: he said \u201cno\u201d to his friend when the friend asked to use the vehicle, \u00a0he found out later that his friend went behind his back and took the vehicle nonetheless, and once the owner found out, the owner asked his driver friend to drive the car back to the shop: which by any yardstick is actual consent to drive the car (at least from that moment onwards).<\/p>\n<p>Regardless, the problems for owners whose cars are taken by acquaintances without their consent is still a big problem mainly because of that friendship or connection.\u00a0 Restrictions are typically communicated very informally, nothing is written down, and when troubles arise, no one wants to report friends or colleagues to the police as thieves.\u00a0 So if you have someone close to you that you do not want driving your car (and have a real concern that they would be tempted to take use your vehicle), the best advice is to do the following:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ol>\n<li>text or email them your instructions not to drive the vehicle (ie: a written record);<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>make access to the keys difficult for the person (objective evidence that consent not given);<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>if the vehicle is taken, and you find out before an accident, obviously the best thing to do is call the police and report the vehicle stolen, but if for some reason you can\u2019t take that step (morally or otherwise), then at a minimum do everything reasonably within your power to get the driver to immediately stop and park the car (call cellphone, send text and\/or email, etc with clear instructions to stop and park the vehicle), and reiterate your condemnation of their behaviour in a text and email when they return the vehicle. It matters not that the car may be a thousand miles away from you or civilization when you ask them to park the car.\u00a0 You will have to make arrangements to get it returned, and seek to recover your costs from the errant driver;<span class=\"\" style=\"display:block;clear:both;height: 0px;padding-top: 20px;border-top-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;\"><\/span><\/li>\n<li>if the vehicle is taken, and you find out after an accident, the best thing to do is similar to above \u2013 call the police and report the vehicle stolen by the driver who took it without your consent, but if for some reason you can\u2019t take that step (morally or otherwise), be very stern with those investigating the accident that the driver was operating your vehicle without your consent, and share the email and text exchanges you created in A), and the steps you took in B).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong><em>Naghash v. Pashahzahiri<\/em><\/strong>, 2023 ONSC 609<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2023\/2023onsc609\/2023onsc609.html\">https:\/\/www.canlii.org\/en\/on\/onsc\/doc\/2023\/2023onsc609\/2023onsc609.html<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Everyday owners routinely allow acquaintances to drive their vehicles: friends, colleagues, customers, relatives, etc.\u00a0 This is typically done with the owner\u2019s consent, and as such, the owner remains vicariously liable for the driver\u2019s errors.\u00a0 Contrast this with stolen vehicles where the owner is largely exempt from liability because of the absence of the owner\u2019s consent,&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/mail.360mediations.com\/en\/when-an-acquaintance-takes-your-vehicle-without-permission-your-response-could-cost-you-millions\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\"><strong>When an Acquaintance Takes Your Vehicle Without Permission Your Response Could Cost You Millions<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[50,160,163],"tags":[234],"class_list":["post-9605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-insurance-coverage","category-motor-vehicle-litigation","category-personal-injury","tag-vicarious-liability","entry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>When an Acquaintance Takes Your Vehicle Without Permission Your Response Could Cost You Millions - 360Mediations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Anything short of reporting the acquaintance to the police, as a thief, leaves the owner vulnerable to being liable for the acquaintance&#039;s driving errors.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/360mediations.com\/en\/when-an-acquaintance-takes-your-vehicle-without-permission-your-response-could-cost-you-millions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"When an Acquaintance Takes Your Vehicle Without Permission Your Response Could Cost You Millions - 360Mediations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Anything short of reporting the acquaintance to the police, as a thief, leaves the owner vulnerable to being liable for the acquaintance&#039;s driving errors.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/360mediations.com\/en\/when-an-acquaintance-takes-your-vehicle-without-permission-your-response-could-cost-you-millions\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"360Mediations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/360Mediations-120028596572318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:author\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/360Mediations-120028596572318\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2023-01-31T01:48:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-01-31T01:48:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mail.360mediations.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/COURT-DECISIONS-360MEDIATIONS-1x1-1.png?fit=406%2C322&ssl=1\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"406\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"322\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"David M. 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